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Heat Exchanger
Heat exchangers are devices built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another, whether the fluids are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or the fluids are directly contacted. They are widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, space heating, power production, and chemical processing. A car radiator is an example of a heat exchanger.
Heat exchangers are classified according to flow arrangement: 1. parallel-flow heat exchangers 2. counter-flow heat exchangers 3. cross-flow heat exchangers. Types of heat exchangers are shell and tube heat exchangers which consist of finned tubes; plate heat exchangers in which the fluids are separated by plates; regenerative heat exchangers which can be plate and frame or shell and tube construction and those that use an intermediate fluid or solid to store to hold heat. Specific examples of heat exchangers are boilers in power plants, reboilers in chemical plants and refineries, condensers in refrigerators, cooling coils in air-conditioning systems, and steam generators in nuclear power plants.
One problem of some heat exchangers is fouling. This condition is caused by the build-up of biographical debris when river or salt water enters heat exchangers thus decreasing heat transfer coefficient. Another is scale, caused by chemical deposit layers like calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate. Solutions to problems of heat exchangers include water treatment like purification, additions of chemicals, and testing. Maintenance of heat exchangers involves condition monitor conducted through eddy current inspection which is simulated through the use of computational fluid dynamics.
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